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Cradle to Cradle (C2C) is an approach to design and produce development that aims to create production systems that are effective and which does not create or form any waste. Earlier there were ideas about following a product from cradle to grave, but this is a more holistic approach.
The term "Cradle to Cradle" was coined by Walter R. Stahel in the 1970s but the current model is based on a system of "lifecycle development" initiated by Michael Braungartand and his colleagues at the Environmental Protection Encouragement Agency (EPEA). In 2002, in conjunction with William McDonough Michael Braungart the book Cradle to Cradle: remaking the Way We Make Things was released. It is about Cradle to Cradle design. The model has been implemented by several companies, organizations and governments all around the world, especially in China and the U.S..