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Weaving is a fabric production technique, consisting of the crossing of two orthogonal thread systems (warp and weft). Nowadays, the production is both industrial and manual.
Environmental aspects
When weaving, the warp threads are protected from wear of the phases by having been, in advance, dipped in a glue bath and dried. This provides stiffer and more resistant warp yarns. Warpglue/adhesive is typically composed of starch like for example carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for cellulose fibers such as cotton and viscose. For synthetic fibers, synthetic glues are generally used such as polyester, polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylic adhesive. When using the adhesive method the only emissions are residues in the bath. The glue is washed out during the weaving and pretreatment processes. The amount of glue is approximately 5% of the total weight of the fabric. In some cases, companies with a vertically organized production re-use some of the glue.