Difference between revisions of "Bamboo viscose"
(Created page with "Viscose made from bamboo is categorized as a “manufactured” or “man-made” fibre created from cellulose found in the bamboo plant. It is derived from bamboo, which is t...") |
|||
| (One intermediate revision by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 38: | Line 38: | ||
The viscose manufacturing process is chemically intensive and requires copious amounts of water. Wastewater effluents from processing must be properly treated to avoid contamination of surrounding water bodies. Air emissions caused by the viscose process include sulfur, nitrous oxides, carbon disulfide and hydrogen disulfide. Chronic exposure to carbon disulfide can cause damage to the nervous system in humans.[6] | The viscose manufacturing process is chemically intensive and requires copious amounts of water. Wastewater effluents from processing must be properly treated to avoid contamination of surrounding water bodies. Air emissions caused by the viscose process include sulfur, nitrous oxides, carbon disulfide and hydrogen disulfide. Chronic exposure to carbon disulfide can cause damage to the nervous system in humans.[6] | ||
| + | |||
| + | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |+PROCESS FOR VISCOSE MADE FROM BAMBOO | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! style="background-color:#008b45;width:150px;color:#ffffff" | | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[File:Viscose made from bamboo.jpg|225]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
===Dyeing and finishing=== | ===Dyeing and finishing=== | ||
The dyeing processes for viscose made from bamboo is a multi-step process that involves ample amounts of water at high temperatures (50°-95°C), salt, acetic acid and caustic soda. Mild peroxide bleach may also be necessary to remove residues of sulphur. | The dyeing processes for viscose made from bamboo is a multi-step process that involves ample amounts of water at high temperatures (50°-95°C), salt, acetic acid and caustic soda. Mild peroxide bleach may also be necessary to remove residues of sulphur. | ||
| Line 45: | Line 53: | ||
Viscose made from bamboo products are non-biodegradable because they can not beak down within a reasonably short time after disposal into a landfill.[10] | Viscose made from bamboo products are non-biodegradable because they can not beak down within a reasonably short time after disposal into a landfill.[10] | ||
==Optimize sustainability benefits== | ==Optimize sustainability benefits== | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
• Know the difference between linen made from bamboo and viscose made from bamboo. Viscose made from bamboo employs a chemically intensive process and has high environmental and social impacts due to emissions to air and water during processing.<br/> | • Know the difference between linen made from bamboo and viscose made from bamboo. Viscose made from bamboo employs a chemically intensive process and has high environmental and social impacts due to emissions to air and water during processing.<br/> | ||
• Encourage suppliers to use raw materials sourced from Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification schemes (PEFC) and | • Encourage suppliers to use raw materials sourced from Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification schemes (PEFC) and | ||
| Line 53: | Line 58: | ||
• Investigate viscose processing methods that use enzymes instead of chemicals.<br/> | • Investigate viscose processing methods that use enzymes instead of chemicals.<br/> | ||
• New forms of viscose-type materials are emerging, and can be made through various types of processes including lyocell. Lyocell fibre production is similar to that of generic viscose in that bamboo material is dissolved through an intensive chemical process into a pulp, which is then extruded to form fibres. However, for lyocell, the solvent used to transform the pulp into fibre is amine oxide (NMMO=N-Methyl-Morpholine-N-Oxide), which is considered non-toxic. The lyocell fibre manufacturing process also operates as a closed loop system, in which 99% of the solvent is recovered, filtered and reused. Any remaining emissions are broken down harmlessly in biological wastewater treatment plants.[11] | • New forms of viscose-type materials are emerging, and can be made through various types of processes including lyocell. Lyocell fibre production is similar to that of generic viscose in that bamboo material is dissolved through an intensive chemical process into a pulp, which is then extruded to form fibres. However, for lyocell, the solvent used to transform the pulp into fibre is amine oxide (NMMO=N-Methyl-Morpholine-N-Oxide), which is considered non-toxic. The lyocell fibre manufacturing process also operates as a closed loop system, in which 99% of the solvent is recovered, filtered and reused. Any remaining emissions are broken down harmlessly in biological wastewater treatment plants.[11] | ||
| + | |||
==Availability== | ==Availability== | ||
Few suppliers are currently offering viscose made from bamboo from PEFC and FSC certified plantations. Expressing interest in PEFC and FSC certification can influence the supplier’s raw material sourcing strategy and lead to greater availability of responsibly sourced feedstock for viscose made from bamboo fabric. | Few suppliers are currently offering viscose made from bamboo from PEFC and FSC certified plantations. Expressing interest in PEFC and FSC certification can influence the supplier’s raw material sourcing strategy and lead to greater availability of responsibly sourced feedstock for viscose made from bamboo fabric. | ||
Latest revision as of 10:36, 24 April 2015
Viscose made from bamboo is categorized as a “manufactured” or “man-made” fibre created from cellulose found in the bamboo plant. It is derived from bamboo, which is then chemically processed and regenerated to form a new polymer using the viscose process.
Contents
Benefits
Bamboo is a “rapidly renewable” resource, meaning that it grows quickly and can be harvested at least once a year.
| FIBER | LENGTH | TIMING |
|---|---|---|
| Bamboo | 24 meters | 40 days [1] |
| Jute | 1-4 meters | 3-4 months[2] |
| Hemp | 4 meters | 3 months [3] |
| Flax | 1 meters [4] | 3-4 months [5] |
Bamboo is a biologically efficient, low maintenance crop that requires few chemical inputs during the growing season. It is mainly rain fed, and can grow in diverse climates.
Due to its speedy growth and little input needed for growing, some say that using bamboo as an alternative to slower growing wood trees could help slow deforestation.[1]
Viscose from bamboo drapes well, is easy to dye, and is highly absorbent. It is a good conductor of heat, so it is a cool, comfortable fibre good for use in warm weather. Viscose made from bamboo is priced for its softness and comfort.
Potential impacts
Cultivation
Some species of bamboo are highly invasive, meaning they take over natural vegetation.
Processing
To transform plant-derived materials into silky fabric, the cellulose must be separated from other compounds found in bamboo. Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and sodium sulfide are commonly used to remove the lignin that binds the plant fibres together, and in some cases bleach is required to whiten the pulp. In a complex process, the pulp is steeped in caustic soda to produce alkali cellulose, which is then aged or oxidized before reacting with carbon disulfide to create sodium cellulose xanthate. This xanthate is dissolved in caustic soda to form a syrup-like spinning solution or “viscose,” which can then be extruded through a spinneret to form viscose fibres.[6]
The viscose manufacturing process is chemically intensive and requires copious amounts of water. Wastewater effluents from processing must be properly treated to avoid contamination of surrounding water bodies. Air emissions caused by the viscose process include sulfur, nitrous oxides, carbon disulfide and hydrogen disulfide. Chronic exposure to carbon disulfide can cause damage to the nervous system in humans.[6]
|
|
|---|
Dyeing and finishing
The dyeing processes for viscose made from bamboo is a multi-step process that involves ample amounts of water at high temperatures (50°-95°C), salt, acetic acid and caustic soda. Mild peroxide bleach may also be necessary to remove residues of sulphur.
Consumer care/washing
Viscose made from bamboo is typically dry-clean only, due to delicacy of the fabric when wet. Some types of viscose can be machine or handwashed.[7], [8], [9]
End of use
Viscose made from bamboo products are non-biodegradable because they can not beak down within a reasonably short time after disposal into a landfill.[10]
Optimize sustainability benefits
• Know the difference between linen made from bamboo and viscose made from bamboo. Viscose made from bamboo employs a chemically intensive process and has high environmental and social impacts due to emissions to air and water during processing.
• Encourage suppliers to use raw materials sourced from Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification schemes (PEFC) and
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified plantations.
• Investigate viscose processing methods that use enzymes instead of chemicals.
• New forms of viscose-type materials are emerging, and can be made through various types of processes including lyocell. Lyocell fibre production is similar to that of generic viscose in that bamboo material is dissolved through an intensive chemical process into a pulp, which is then extruded to form fibres. However, for lyocell, the solvent used to transform the pulp into fibre is amine oxide (NMMO=N-Methyl-Morpholine-N-Oxide), which is considered non-toxic. The lyocell fibre manufacturing process also operates as a closed loop system, in which 99% of the solvent is recovered, filtered and reused. Any remaining emissions are broken down harmlessly in biological wastewater treatment plants.[11]
Availability
Few suppliers are currently offering viscose made from bamboo from PEFC and FSC certified plantations. Expressing interest in PEFC and FSC certification can influence the supplier’s raw material sourcing strategy and lead to greater availability of responsibly sourced feedstock for viscose made from bamboo fabric. Texplan, a Spanish company, is working with suppliers in China to produced lyocell fibre made from bamboo that is also FSC certified.[12] Litrax, a Swiss company, has developed a process that uses enzymes instead of chemicals for processing bamboo into viscose.[13]
Application
Viscose made from bamboo and lyocell made from bamboo fabrics can be used in a variety of textile woven and knitted applications. Depending on the weight and construction of the cloth, these fabrics may be suitable for shirts, skirts, dresses, evening gowns, home furnishings and bedding.
Marketing opportunities
viscose Bamboo is being marketed strongly as an eco-friendly fibre. While the raw material is a rapidly renewable natural resource, viscose made from bamboo fabric employs a highly pollutive process in its manufacture. The European Commission has issued a directive on textile names, 2008/121/EC. This directive states how textile products should be marketed and sold in the EU. The name “bamboo” does not appear in this directive; therefore, it cannot be used for the purposes of compulsory description of fibre composition. The name “viscose” is included in this directive and should be used to describe the fibres corresponding to the definition: “regenerated cellulose fibre obtained by the viscose process for filament and discontinuous fibre.” This includes viscose made from bamboo fibres. This should be done consistently on labeling, hangtags and POS.[14]
bamboo lyocell If bamboo is processed with a lyocell process.
bamboo from PEFC or FSC certified plantations If verified and accurate.
fast-growing natural resource
low water footprint in cultivation
NOTE: Other companies are claiming that bamboo is a natural antibiotic. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in the U.S. notes that the chemical processing that bamboo needs to go through to make viscose eliminates any of the plant’s antimicrobial properties.[5]
Innovation opportunities
1. Shift to existing environmentally beneficial fabrics when possible. These fabrics include fabric derived from organic cotton, recycled fabrics, hemp, flax, and dissolving pulp from bamboo and eucalyptus plantations that are PEFC and FSC certified.
2. Use bamboo from PEFC and FSC certified plantations, and produce the fabric with lyocell process. Communicate the difference between the viscose and lyocell processes to consumers on your website and hangtags.
3. Encouraging handwashing on the hangtag and labeling/POS would influence the consumer to take an active role in reducing environmental impacts of viscose at the consumer washing stage.
4. Get your product Cradle to Cradle Certified. The Cradle to Cradle CertifiedTM Product Standard is a multi-attribute, continuous improvement methodology that provides a path to manufacturing healthy and sustainable products. The Standard rewards achievement in five categories and at five levels of certification. An accredited assessor will help to assess and optimize your product.
Sources
- https://www.voanews.com/content/a-13-2006-08-29-voa51/323110.html
- https://www.fao.org/economic/futurefibres/fibres/jute/en/
- https://www.hempage.de/cms/
- https://www.swicofil.com/products/003flax.html
- https://www.decktowel.com/pages/how-linen-is-made-from-flax-to-fabric
- oecotextiles.wordpress.com/2009/08/19/348/
- https://www.eksoy.com/PDF/VISCOSE%20AND%20BAMBOO.pdf
- textilefashionstudy.com/process-flow-chart-of-viscose-fabric-dyeing/
- textilelearner.blogspot.com/2012/09/100-viscose-fabric-dyeing-method-dyeing.html
- ftc.gov/opa/2009/08/bamboo.shtm
- lenzing.com/sites/botanicprinciples/website/index.htm
- https://www.nepcon.net/3668/English/HOME/News_2010/November/Dress_yourself_up_in_FSC_Bamboo/
- https://www.litrax.com/fibres-natural-l1.html
- eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:019:0029:0048:EN:PDF
- eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:019:0029:0048:EN:PDF
- business.ftc.gov/documents/alt172-how-avoid-bamboozling-your-customers
